Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Candisc - default options
Canonical Discriminant Analysis Using DSM IV Items

The CANDISC Procedure

Observations 100 DF Total 99
Variables 12 DF Within Classes 97
Classes 3 DF Between Classes 2

Class Level Information
type Variable
Name		 Frequency Weight Proportion
Binge Binge 33 33.0000 0.330000
Control Control 48 48.0000 0.480000
Steady Steady 19 19.0000 0.190000

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Candisc - default options
Canonical Discriminant Analysis Using DSM IV Items

The CANDISC Procedure

Multivariate Statistics and F Approximations
S=2 M=4.5 N=42
Statistic Value F Value Num DF Den DF Pr > F
Wilks' Lambda 0.22283947 8.02 24 172 <.0001
Pillai's Trace 1.03412267 7.76 24 174 <.0001
Hotelling-Lawley Trace 2.33440867 8.28 24 144.92 <.0001
Roy's Greatest Root 1.62463115 11.78 12 87 <.0001
NOTE: F Statistic for Roy's Greatest Root is an upper bound.
NOTE: F Statistic for Wilks' Lambda is exact.

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Candisc - default options
Canonical Discriminant Analysis Using DSM IV Items

The CANDISC Procedure

  Canonical
Correlation		 Adjusted
Canonical
Correlation		 Approximate
Standard
Error		 Squared
Canonical
Correlation		 Eigenvalues of Inv(E)*H
= CanRsq/(1-CanRsq)		 Test of H0: The canonical correlations in the current row and all that follow are zero
  Eigenvalue Difference Proportion Cumulative Likelihood
Ratio		 Approximate
F Value		 Num DF Den DF Pr > F
1 0.786762 0.755131 0.038293 0.618994 1.6246 0.9149 0.6959 0.6959 0.22283947 8.02 24 172 <.0001
2 0.644305 0.607476 0.058782 0.415129 0.7098   0.3041 1.0000 0.58487142 5.61 11 87 <.0001

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Candisc - default options
Canonical Discriminant Analysis Using DSM IV Items

The CANDISC Procedure

Total Canonical Structure
Variable Can1 Can2
dsm1 -0.104959 0.883139
dsm2 -0.130310 0.771425
dsm3 0.012647 0.706136
dsm4 0.966578 0.155140
dsm5 0.114538 0.011325
dsm6 0.218150 -0.047926
dsm7 0.067765 -0.082651
dsm8 0.786913 -0.120752
dsm9 -0.173155 0.806900
dsm10 0.726576 0.061913
dsm11 0.149955 -0.124164
dsm12 0.751927 0.173628

Between Canonical Structure
Variable Can1 Can2
dsm1 -0.143621 0.989633
dsm2 -0.202018 0.979382
dsm3 0.021866 0.999761
dsm4 0.991472 0.130321
dsm5 0.996738 0.080709
dsm6 0.984198 -0.177070
dsm7 0.707520 -0.706693
dsm8 0.992196 -0.124685
dsm9 -0.253481 0.967340
dsm10 0.997574 0.069614
dsm11 0.827663 -0.561226
dsm12 0.982586 0.185807

Pooled Within Canonical Structure
Variable Can1 Can2
dsm1 -0.079185 0.825494
dsm2 -0.093349 0.684685
dsm3 0.008767 0.606468
dsm4 0.929851 0.184911
dsm5 0.070990 0.008697
dsm6 0.136750 -0.037223
dsm7 0.041948 -0.063389
dsm8 0.621581 -0.118176
dsm9 -0.126741 0.731758
dsm10 0.547243 0.057776
dsm11 0.093516 -0.095937
dsm12 0.581297 0.166305

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Candisc - default options
Canonical Discriminant Analysis Using DSM IV Items

The CANDISC Procedure

Total-Sample Standardized Canonical Coefficients
Variable Can1 Can2
dsm1 -0.588914684 0.738446884
dsm2 0.289005550 0.132345075
dsm3 0.124911015 -0.077526194
dsm4 1.553115936 0.480518256
dsm5 0.215763165 0.254302063
dsm6 0.043031944 -0.076191207
dsm7 -0.205764414 -0.151074644
dsm8 0.128692189 -0.912529408
dsm9 -0.026719098 0.403795951
dsm10 0.057461067 0.174112395
dsm11 -0.032670157 0.079537705
dsm12 -0.114665563 0.370479761

Pooled Within-Class Standardized Canonical
Coefficients
Variable Can1 Can2
dsm1 -0.486776415 0.610374537
dsm2 0.251576944 0.115205294
dsm3 0.112368187 -0.069741471
dsm4 1.006758447 0.311480812
dsm5 0.217083499 0.255858231
dsm6 0.042807167 -0.075793224
dsm7 -0.207283842 -0.152190226
dsm8 0.101596478 -0.720399386
dsm9 -0.022763336 0.344013962
dsm10 0.047574238 0.144154380
dsm11 -0.032668207 0.079532958
dsm12 -0.092492864 0.298840674

Raw Canonical Coefficients
Variable Can1 Can2
dsm1 -0.414338207 0.519543436
dsm2 0.203333428 0.093113014
dsm3 0.087882689 -0.054544512
dsm4 1.092713919 0.338074560
dsm5 0.151802842 0.178917361
dsm6 0.030275656 -0.053605265
dsm7 -0.144768097 -0.106290433
dsm8 0.090542981 -0.642021348
dsm9 -0.018798552 0.284095634
dsm10 0.040427444 0.122498928
dsm11 -0.022985493 0.055959736
dsm12 -0.080674374 0.260655616

Class Means on Canonical Variables
type Can1 Can2
Binge 1.770181344 0.169802865
Control -0.733300659 -0.714794789
Steady -1.221976459 1.510876596

Output from PROC GANNO

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - proportional priors

The DISCRIM Procedure

Observations 100 DF Total 99
Variables 12 DF Within Classes 97
Classes 3 DF Between Classes 2

Class Level Information
type Variable
Name		 Frequency Weight Proportion Prior
Probability
Binge Binge 33 33.0000 0.330000 0.330000
Control Control 48 48.0000 0.480000 0.480000
Steady Steady 19 19.0000 0.190000 0.190000

Pooled Covariance Matrix
Information
Covariance
Matrix Rank		 Natural Log of the
Determinant of the
Covariance Matrix
12 -1.27952

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - proportional priors

The DISCRIM Procedure

Generalized Squared Distance to type
From type Binge Control Steady
Binge 2.21733 8.51787 14.07295
Control 9.26726 1.46794 8.51388
Steady 12.96881 6.66036 3.32146

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - proportional priors

The DISCRIM Procedure

Univariate Test Statistics
F Statistics, Num DF=2, Den DF=97
Variable Total
Standard
Deviation		 Pooled
Standard
Deviation		 Between
Standard
Deviation		 R-Square R-Square
/ (1-RSq)		 F Value Pr > F
dsm1 1.4213 1.1748 0.9959 0.3306 0.4939 23.95 <.0001
dsm2 1.4213 1.2373 0.8790 0.2576 0.3469 16.82 <.0001
dsm3 1.4213 1.2786 0.7882 0.2071 0.2612 12.67 <.0001
dsm4 1.4213 0.9213 1.3285 0.5883 1.4290 69.30 <.0001
dsm5 1.4213 1.4300 0.1566 0.0082 0.0082 0.40 0.6716
dsm6 1.4213 1.4139 0.3020 0.0304 0.0314 1.52 0.2236
dsm7 1.4213 1.4318 0.1305 0.0057 0.0057 0.28 0.7587
dsm8 1.4213 1.1221 1.0808 0.3894 0.6376 30.92 <.0001
dsm9 1.4213 1.2109 0.9309 0.2888 0.4062 19.70 <.0001
dsm10 1.4213 1.1768 0.9925 0.3284 0.4889 23.71 <.0001
dsm11 1.4213 1.4213 0.2469 0.0203 0.0207 1.01 0.3695
dsm12 1.4213 1.1465 1.0428 0.3625 0.5686 27.58 <.0001

Average R-Square
Unweighted 0.2347647
Weighted by Variance 0.2347647

Linear Discriminant Function for type
Variable Binge Control Steady
Constant -13.19550 -4.91699 -10.65029
dsm1 -0.72609 -0.14839 1.21042
dsm2 0.87634 0.28493 0.39280
dsm3 0.43956 0.26780 0.10346
dsm4 3.89561 0.86096 1.07942
dsm5 1.06698 0.52868 0.85271
dsm6 0.38691 0.35853 0.22443
dsm7 0.07963 0.53608 0.37026
dsm8 -0.26089 0.08036 -1.39281
dsm9 1.21308 1.00883 1.65032
dsm10 0.42288 0.21331 0.46620
dsm11 0.68002 0.68806 0.82384
dsm12 0.46495 0.43634 1.05590

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - proportional priors

The DISCRIM Procedure
Classification Results for Calibration Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP
Resubstitution Results using Linear Discriminant Function

Posterior Probability of Membership in type
Obs From type Classified into
type		 Binge Control Steady
1 Steady Steady   0.0061 0.4764 0.5175
2 Control Control   0.0014 0.9061 0.0925
3 Binge Binge   0.9945 0.0049 0.0006
4 Binge Binge   0.5289 0.4708 0.0002
5 Control Control   0.0003 0.9961 0.0036
6 Control Control   0.1052 0.8781 0.0167
7 Control Control   0.0020 0.9822 0.0158
8 Binge Binge   0.9938 0.0046 0.0016
9 Control Control   0.1495 0.5672 0.2833
10 Control Control   0.0135 0.8317 0.1549
11 Control Control   0.0006 0.7676 0.2318
12 Control Steady * 0.0088 0.2913 0.6998
13 Control Binge * 0.9610 0.0316 0.0074
14 Control Control   0.0686 0.9299 0.0015
15 Steady Steady   0.0002 0.0370 0.9627
16 Binge Binge   0.9817 0.0183 0.0000
17 Binge Binge   0.8265 0.0815 0.0920
18 Binge Binge   0.8200 0.1513 0.0287
19 Control Control   0.0856 0.8944 0.0200
20 Control Control   0.0009 0.9474 0.0517
21 Control Control   0.0924 0.7128 0.1948
22 Binge Binge   0.9249 0.0750 0.0001
23 Control Control   0.0010 0.9887 0.0102
24 Control Control   0.0562 0.9423 0.0015
25 Steady Steady   0.0024 0.0746 0.9230
26 Binge Binge   0.9560 0.0433 0.0007
27 Control Control   0.0001 0.9839 0.0160
28 Steady Steady   0.0080 0.4701 0.5219
29 Steady Steady   0.0029 0.1643 0.8328
30 Steady Steady   0.0639 0.0851 0.8510
31 Control Control   0.0003 0.9270 0.0727
32 Binge Binge   0.8912 0.0094 0.0994
33 Steady Steady   0.0540 0.0668 0.8792
34 Control Control   0.0645 0.9023 0.0332
35 Control Binge * 0.7046 0.2932 0.0022
36 Control Steady * 0.0004 0.1315 0.8681
37 Control Binge * 0.7005 0.2088 0.0907
38 Steady Steady   0.0037 0.0751 0.9212
39 Steady Steady   0.0002 0.1441 0.8557
40 Steady Steady   0.0350 0.1109 0.8541
41 Control Binge * 0.6535 0.3401 0.0063
42 Control Control   0.0002 0.9961 0.0037
43 Control Control   0.1006 0.8984 0.0011
44 Steady Steady   0.1348 0.2608 0.6045
45 Control Control   0.1462 0.8531 0.0007
46 Control Control   0.0003 0.9621 0.0377
47 Steady Steady   0.0001 0.1067 0.8932
48 Control Binge * 0.9159 0.0838 0.0002
49 Control Control   0.0005 0.9915 0.0080
50 Steady Steady   0.1651 0.1348 0.7001
51 Binge Binge   0.9938 0.0062 0.0000
52 Control Control   0.0007 0.9944 0.0049
53 Control Control   0.0020 0.9891 0.0089
54 Control Control   0.0102 0.9299 0.0599
55 Control Control   0.0415 0.9502 0.0084
56 Control Control   0.0016 0.9830 0.0154
57 Steady Steady   0.0037 0.1869 0.8095
58 Steady Steady   0.0017 0.0668 0.9315
59 Control Control   0.0042 0.9917 0.0041
60 Control Control   0.0761 0.8946 0.0294
61 Control Control   0.0107 0.7528 0.2366
62 Control Control   0.0004 0.9336 0.0661
63 Control Control   0.3927 0.4165 0.1908
64 Control Control   0.0004 0.9167 0.0829
65 Binge Binge   0.8724 0.0405 0.0871
66 Binge Binge   0.9298 0.0696 0.0007
67 Binge Binge   0.9827 0.0173 0.0001
68 Steady Control * 0.0007 0.5066 0.4927
69 Binge Binge   0.8256 0.0922 0.0823
70 Binge Binge   0.9284 0.0683 0.0033
71 Binge Binge   0.9715 0.0148 0.0137
72 Control Binge * 0.7705 0.2268 0.0028
73 Binge Binge   0.8702 0.1290 0.0009
74 Steady Steady   0.0526 0.2387 0.7087
75 Steady Steady   0.0009 0.1251 0.8740
76 Binge Binge   0.9463 0.0490 0.0047
77 Binge Binge   0.9844 0.0076 0.0081
78 Binge Binge   0.9884 0.0047 0.0069
79 Binge Binge   0.9411 0.0090 0.0498
80 Control Control   0.0006 0.9754 0.0240
81 Binge Binge   0.6237 0.3676 0.0087
82 Binge Binge   0.8751 0.1247 0.0002
83 Control Control   0.0059 0.9824 0.0117
84 Binge Binge   0.6979 0.2418 0.0604
85 Control Binge * 0.9179 0.0807 0.0014
86 Binge Binge   0.9902 0.0083 0.0016
87 Control Control   0.0589 0.9407 0.0004
88 Binge Binge   0.9838 0.0159 0.0003
89 Steady Steady   0.1750 0.1896 0.6354
90 Binge Binge   0.7807 0.2182 0.0012
91 Binge Binge   0.8259 0.1729 0.0012
92 Binge Binge   0.6046 0.3918 0.0036
93 Control Steady * 0.0013 0.0456 0.9531
94 Control Control   0.0648 0.9313 0.0040
95 Binge Binge   0.9769 0.0224 0.0007
96 Control Control   0.0179 0.8801 0.1020
97 Binge Binge   0.9767 0.0225 0.0008
98 Binge Binge   0.9337 0.0659 0.0003
99 Binge Binge   0.9604 0.0036 0.0360
100 Control Control   0.0879 0.9097 0.0024

* Misclassified observation


Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - proportional priors

The DISCRIM Procedure
Classification Summary for Calibration Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP
Resubstitution Summary using Linear Discriminant Function

Number of Observations and Percent Classified
into type
From type Binge Control Steady Total
Binge
33
100.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
33
100.00
Control
7
14.58
38
79.17
3
6.25
48
100.00
Steady
0
0.00
1
5.26
18
94.74
19
100.00
Total
40
40.00
39
39.00
21
21.00
100
100.00
Priors
0.33
 
0.48
 
0.19
 
 
 

Error Count Estimates for type
  Binge Control Steady Total
Rate 0.0000 0.2083 0.0526 0.1100
Priors 0.3300 0.4800 0.1900  

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - equal priors

The DISCRIM Procedure

Observations 100 DF Total 99
Variables 12 DF Within Classes 97
Classes 3 DF Between Classes 2

Class Level Information
type Variable
Name		 Frequency Weight Proportion Prior
Probability
Binge Binge 33 33.0000 0.330000 0.333333
Control Control 48 48.0000 0.480000 0.333333
Steady Steady 19 19.0000 0.190000 0.333333

Pooled Covariance Matrix
Information
Covariance
Matrix Rank		 Natural Log of the
Determinant of the
Covariance Matrix
12 -1.27952

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - equal priors

The DISCRIM Procedure

Generalized Squared Distance to type
From type Binge Control Steady
Binge 0 7.04994 10.75149
Control 7.04994 0 5.19242
Steady 10.75149 5.19242 0

Linear Discriminant Function for type
Variable Binge Control Steady
Constant -12.08684 -4.18302 -8.98956
dsm1 -0.72609 -0.14839 1.21042
dsm2 0.87634 0.28493 0.39280
dsm3 0.43956 0.26780 0.10346
dsm4 3.89561 0.86096 1.07942
dsm5 1.06698 0.52868 0.85271
dsm6 0.38691 0.35853 0.22443
dsm7 0.07963 0.53608 0.37026
dsm8 -0.26089 0.08036 -1.39281
dsm9 1.21308 1.00883 1.65032
dsm10 0.42288 0.21331 0.46620
dsm11 0.68002 0.68806 0.82384
dsm12 0.46495 0.43634 1.05590

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - equal priors

The DISCRIM Procedure
Classification Results for Calibration Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP
Resubstitution Results using Linear Discriminant Function

Posterior Probability of Membership in type
Obs From type Classified into
type		 Binge Control Steady
1 Steady Steady   0.0049 0.2658 0.7293
2 Control Control   0.0018 0.7936 0.2046
3 Binge Binge   0.9956 0.0034 0.0010
4 Binge Binge   0.6201 0.3795 0.0004
5 Control Control   0.0004 0.9906 0.0090
6 Control Control   0.1426 0.8180 0.0394
7 Control Control   0.0028 0.9583 0.0389
8 Binge Binge   0.9941 0.0032 0.0027
9 Control Steady * 0.1450 0.3780 0.4770
10 Control Control   0.0158 0.6693 0.3149
11 Control Control   0.0006 0.5669 0.4325
12 Control Steady * 0.0062 0.1406 0.8532
13 Control Binge * 0.9653 0.0219 0.0129
14 Control Control   0.0965 0.8997 0.0038
15 Steady Steady   0.0001 0.0150 0.9849
16 Binge Binge   0.9873 0.0126 0.0001
17 Binge Binge   0.7929 0.0538 0.1533
18 Binge Binge   0.8420 0.1068 0.0512
19 Control Control   0.1164 0.8364 0.0472
20 Control Control   0.0012 0.8777 0.1211
21 Control Control   0.1003 0.5323 0.3674
22 Binge Binge   0.9470 0.0528 0.0002
23 Control Control   0.0015 0.9731 0.0254
24 Control Control   0.0795 0.9169 0.0036
25 Steady Steady   0.0014 0.0310 0.9676
26 Binge Binge   0.9687 0.0301 0.0012
27 Control Control   0.0002 0.9604 0.0395
28 Steady Steady   0.0065 0.2611 0.7324
29 Steady Steady   0.0018 0.0723 0.9259
30 Steady Steady   0.0399 0.0366 0.9235
31 Control Control   0.0004 0.8343 0.1653
32 Binge Binge   0.8327 0.0060 0.1613
33 Steady Steady   0.0332 0.0282 0.9386
34 Control Control   0.0869 0.8355 0.0776
35 Control Binge * 0.7743 0.2215 0.0042
36 Control Steady * 0.0003 0.0565 0.9432
37 Control Binge * 0.6994 0.1433 0.1573
38 Steady Steady   0.0022 0.0312 0.9666
39 Steady Steady   0.0001 0.0625 0.9374
40 Steady Steady   0.0219 0.0478 0.9303
41 Control Binge * 0.7275 0.2603 0.0122
42 Control Control   0.0003 0.9904 0.0092
43 Control Control   0.1397 0.8578 0.0025
44 Steady Steady   0.0988 0.1315 0.7697
45 Control Control   0.1992 0.7991 0.0017
46 Control Control   0.0004 0.9097 0.0899
47 Steady Steady   0.0001 0.0451 0.9548
48 Control Binge * 0.9404 0.0592 0.0004
49 Control Control   0.0007 0.9793 0.0201
50 Steady Steady   0.1120 0.0629 0.8251
51 Binge Binge   0.9957 0.0042 0.0001
52 Control Control   0.0010 0.9867 0.0123
53 Control Control   0.0029 0.9750 0.0220
54 Control Control   0.0136 0.8484 0.1380
55 Control Control   0.0585 0.9211 0.0205
56 Control Control   0.0023 0.9597 0.0381
57 Steady Steady   0.0024 0.0835 0.9141
58 Steady Steady   0.0010 0.0276 0.9714
59 Control Control   0.0060 0.9838 0.0102
60 Control Control   0.1025 0.8288 0.0687
61 Control Control   0.0114 0.5511 0.4375
62 Control Control   0.0005 0.8479 0.1516
63 Control Binge * 0.3886 0.2834 0.3280
64 Control Control   0.0005 0.8136 0.1859
65 Binge Binge   0.8296 0.0265 0.1439
66 Binge Binge   0.9500 0.0489 0.0012
67 Binge Binge   0.9879 0.0119 0.0001
68 Steady Steady   0.0006 0.2891 0.7103
69 Binge Binge   0.8001 0.0614 0.1385
70 Binge Binge   0.9463 0.0478 0.0058
71 Binge Binge   0.9662 0.0101 0.0237
72 Control Binge * 0.8274 0.1674 0.0052
73 Binge Binge   0.9061 0.0923 0.0016
74 Steady Steady   0.0363 0.1134 0.8503
75 Steady Steady   0.0006 0.0536 0.9458
76 Binge Binge   0.9577 0.0341 0.0082
77 Binge Binge   0.9809 0.0052 0.0140
78 Binge Binge   0.9848 0.0032 0.0120
79 Binge Binge   0.9103 0.0060 0.0837
80 Control Control   0.0009 0.9406 0.0586
81 Binge Binge   0.6996 0.2835 0.0170
82 Binge Binge   0.9105 0.0892 0.0003
83 Control Control   0.0084 0.9627 0.0289
84 Binge Binge   0.7202 0.1715 0.1082
85 Control Binge * 0.9407 0.0569 0.0025
86 Binge Binge   0.9916 0.0057 0.0027
87 Control Control   0.0834 0.9155 0.0011
88 Binge Binge   0.9886 0.0110 0.0005
89 Steady Steady   0.1242 0.0925 0.7833
90 Binge Binge   0.8370 0.1608 0.0022
91 Binge Binge   0.8723 0.1255 0.0022
92 Binge Binge   0.6868 0.3060 0.0072
93 Control Steady * 0.0008 0.0186 0.9807
94 Control Control   0.0910 0.8994 0.0096
95 Binge Binge   0.9833 0.0155 0.0012
96 Control Control   0.0224 0.7562 0.2214
97 Binge Binge   0.9830 0.0156 0.0014
98 Binge Binge   0.9531 0.0463 0.0006
99 Binge Binge   0.9366 0.0024 0.0610
100 Control Control   0.1225 0.8717 0.0059

* Misclassified observation


Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - equal priors

The DISCRIM Procedure
Classification Summary for Calibration Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP
Resubstitution Summary using Linear Discriminant Function

Number of Observations and Percent Classified
into type
From type Binge Control Steady Total
Binge
33
100.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
33
100.00
Control
8
16.67
36
75.00
4
8.33
48
100.00
Steady
0
0.00
0
0.00
19
100.00
19
100.00
Total
41
41.00
36
36.00
23
23.00
100
100.00
Priors
0.33333
 
0.33333
 
0.33333
 
 
 

Error Count Estimates for type
  Binge Control Steady Total
Rate 0.0000 0.2500 0.0000 0.0833
Priors 0.3333 0.3333 0.3333  

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - priors set 0.4, 0.4, 0.2

The DISCRIM Procedure

Observations 100 DF Total 99
Variables 12 DF Within Classes 97
Classes 3 DF Between Classes 2

Class Level Information
type Variable
Name		 Frequency Weight Proportion Prior
Probability
Binge Binge 33 33.0000 0.330000 0.400000
Control Control 48 48.0000 0.480000 0.200000
Steady Steady 19 19.0000 0.190000 0.400000

Pooled Covariance Matrix
Information
Covariance
Matrix Rank		 Natural Log of the
Determinant of the
Covariance Matrix
12 -1.27952

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - priors set 0.4, 0.4, 0.2

The DISCRIM Procedure

Generalized Squared Distance to type
From type Binge Control Steady
Binge 1.83258 10.26881 12.58407
Control 8.88252 3.21888 7.02500
Steady 12.58407 8.41129 1.83258

Linear Discriminant Function for type
Variable Binge Control Steady
Constant -13.00313 -5.79245 -9.90585
dsm1 -0.72609 -0.14839 1.21042
dsm2 0.87634 0.28493 0.39280
dsm3 0.43956 0.26780 0.10346
dsm4 3.89561 0.86096 1.07942
dsm5 1.06698 0.52868 0.85271
dsm6 0.38691 0.35853 0.22443
dsm7 0.07963 0.53608 0.37026
dsm8 -0.26089 0.08036 -1.39281
dsm9 1.21308 1.00883 1.65032
dsm10 0.42288 0.21331 0.46620
dsm11 0.68002 0.68806 0.82384
dsm12 0.46495 0.43634 1.05590

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - priors set 0.4, 0.4, 0.2

The DISCRIM Procedure
Classification Results for Calibration Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP
Resubstitution Results using Linear Discriminant Function

Posterior Probability of Membership in type
Obs From type Classified into
type		 Binge Control Steady
1 Steady Steady   0.0057 0.1533 0.8410
2 Control Control   0.0029 0.6579 0.3392
3 Binge Binge   0.9973 0.0017 0.0010
4 Binge Binge   0.7653 0.2342 0.0005
5 Control Control   0.0009 0.9813 0.0179
6 Control Control   0.2412 0.6921 0.0667
7 Control Control   0.0053 0.9199 0.0748
8 Binge Binge   0.9957 0.0016 0.0028
9 Control Steady * 0.1787 0.2330 0.5882
10 Control Control   0.0237 0.5030 0.4733
11 Control Steady * 0.0008 0.3956 0.6036
12 Control Steady * 0.0067 0.0756 0.9177
13 Control Binge * 0.9759 0.0110 0.0130
14 Control Control   0.1754 0.8178 0.0068
15 Steady Steady   0.0001 0.0076 0.9923
16 Binge Binge   0.9936 0.0064 0.0001
17 Binge Binge   0.8148 0.0276 0.1576
18 Binge Binge   0.8895 0.0564 0.0541
19 Control Control   0.2001 0.7188 0.0812
20 Control Control   0.0021 0.7820 0.2158
21 Control Steady * 0.1367 0.3626 0.5006
22 Binge Binge   0.9727 0.0271 0.0002
23 Control Control   0.0029 0.9476 0.0495
24 Control Control   0.1468 0.8465 0.0067
25 Steady Steady   0.0014 0.0157 0.9828
26 Binge Binge   0.9835 0.0153 0.0012
27 Control Control   0.0003 0.9238 0.0759
28 Steady Steady   0.0075 0.1502 0.8424
29 Steady Steady   0.0019 0.0375 0.9606
30 Steady Steady   0.0407 0.0186 0.9407
31 Control Control   0.0007 0.7157 0.2836
32 Binge Binge   0.8352 0.0030 0.1618
33 Steady Steady   0.0337 0.0143 0.9520
34 Control Control   0.1492 0.7175 0.1332
35 Control Binge * 0.8707 0.1246 0.0047
36 Control Steady * 0.0003 0.0291 0.9706
37 Control Binge * 0.7534 0.0772 0.1694
38 Steady Steady   0.0023 0.0159 0.9819
39 Steady Steady   0.0001 0.0322 0.9676
40 Steady Steady   0.0225 0.0245 0.9530
41 Control Binge * 0.8363 0.1496 0.0140
42 Control Control   0.0007 0.9810 0.0183
43 Control Control   0.2445 0.7510 0.0045
44 Steady Steady   0.1058 0.0704 0.8239
45 Control Control   0.3318 0.6654 0.0029
46 Control Control   0.0007 0.8343 0.1650
47 Steady Steady   0.0001 0.0231 0.9768
48 Control Binge * 0.9691 0.0305 0.0004
49 Control Control   0.0013 0.9594 0.0393
50 Steady Steady   0.1157 0.0325 0.8519
51 Binge Binge   0.9978 0.0021 0.0001
52 Control Control   0.0020 0.9738 0.0242
53 Control Control   0.0057 0.9513 0.0430
54 Control Control   0.0236 0.7367 0.2397
55 Control Control   0.1084 0.8537 0.0379
56 Control Control   0.0044 0.9225 0.0732
57 Steady Steady   0.0025 0.0436 0.9539
58 Steady Steady   0.0011 0.0140 0.9850
59 Control Control   0.0119 0.9680 0.0201
60 Control Control   0.1750 0.7076 0.1174
61 Control Steady * 0.0157 0.3804 0.6039
62 Control Control   0.0009 0.7360 0.2632
63 Control Binge * 0.4528 0.1651 0.3822
64 Control Control   0.0008 0.6857 0.3134
65 Binge Binge   0.8408 0.0134 0.1458
66 Binge Binge   0.9738 0.0250 0.0012
67 Binge Binge   0.9939 0.0060 0.0001
68 Steady Steady   0.0007 0.1690 0.8303
69 Binge Binge   0.8254 0.0317 0.1429
70 Binge Binge   0.9695 0.0245 0.0060
71 Binge Binge   0.9711 0.0051 0.0238
72 Control Binge * 0.9030 0.0914 0.0056
73 Binge Binge   0.9500 0.0484 0.0016
74 Steady Steady   0.0385 0.0601 0.9014
75 Steady Steady   0.0006 0.0275 0.9719
76 Binge Binge   0.9743 0.0173 0.0083
77 Binge Binge   0.9834 0.0026 0.0140
78 Binge Binge   0.9864 0.0016 0.0120
79 Binge Binge   0.9131 0.0030 0.0839
80 Control Control   0.0016 0.8878 0.1105
81 Binge Binge   0.8151 0.1651 0.0198
82 Binge Binge   0.9530 0.0467 0.0003
83 Control Control   0.0162 0.9281 0.0556
84 Binge Binge   0.7878 0.0938 0.1184
85 Control Binge * 0.9682 0.0293 0.0025
86 Binge Binge   0.9944 0.0028 0.0027
87 Control Control   0.1538 0.8442 0.0020
88 Binge Binge   0.9940 0.0055 0.0005
89 Steady Steady   0.1302 0.0485 0.8213
90 Binge Binge   0.9102 0.0874 0.0024
91 Binge Binge   0.9307 0.0670 0.0024
92 Binge Binge   0.8109 0.1806 0.0085
93 Control Steady * 0.0008 0.0094 0.9898
94 Control Control   0.1653 0.8171 0.0175
95 Binge Binge   0.9910 0.0078 0.0012
96 Control Control   0.0360 0.6080 0.3560
97 Binge Binge   0.9908 0.0078 0.0014
98 Binge Binge   0.9757 0.0237 0.0006
99 Binge Binge   0.9377 0.0012 0.0611
100 Control Control   0.2171 0.7726 0.0104

* Misclassified observation


Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - priors set 0.4, 0.4, 0.2

The DISCRIM Procedure
Classification Summary for Calibration Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP
Resubstitution Summary using Linear Discriminant Function

Number of Observations and Percent Classified
into type
From type Binge Control Steady Total
Binge
33
100.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
33
100.00
Control
8
16.67
33
68.75
7
14.58
48
100.00
Steady
0
0.00
0
0.00
19
100.00
19
100.00
Total
41
41.00
33
33.00
26
26.00
100
100.00
Priors
0.4
 
0.2
 
0.4
 
 
 

Error Count Estimates for type
  Binge Control Steady Total
Rate 0.0000 0.3125 0.0000 0.0625
Priors 0.4000 0.2000 0.4000  

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - proportional priors - variance test
Test for equality of covariance matrices
and quadratic discriminant analysis

The DISCRIM Procedure

Observations 100 DF Total 99
Variables 12 DF Within Classes 97
Classes 3 DF Between Classes 2

Class Level Information
type Variable
Name		 Frequency Weight Proportion Prior
Probability
Binge Binge 33 33.0000 0.330000 0.330000
Control Control 48 48.0000 0.480000 0.480000
Steady Steady 19 19.0000 0.190000 0.190000

Within Covariance Matrix Information
type Covariance
Matrix Rank		 Natural Log of the
Determinant of the
Covariance Matrix
Binge 12 -5.61076
Control 12 -1.26247
Steady 12 -10.13772
Pooled 12 -1.27952

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - proportional priors - variance test
Test for equality of covariance matrices
and quadratic discriminant analysis

The DISCRIM Procedure
Test of Homogeneity of Within Covariance Matrices

Chi-Square DF Pr > ChiSq
237.071443 156 <.0001

Since the Chi-Square value is significant at the 0.05 level, the within covariance matrices will be used in the discriminant function.
Reference: Morrison, D.F. (1976) Multivariate Statistical Methods p252.


Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - proportional priors - variance test
Test for equality of covariance matrices
and quadratic discriminant analysis

The DISCRIM Procedure

Generalized Squared Distance to type
From type Binge Control Steady
Binge -3.39344 5.15437 137.68427
Control 27.58445 0.20546 74.79533
Steady 40.85911 6.07826 -6.81626

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.
PROC Discrim - proportional priors - variance test
Test for equality of covariance matrices
and quadratic discriminant analysis

The DISCRIM Procedure
Classification Summary for Calibration Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP
Resubstitution Summary using Quadratic Discriminant Function

Number of Observations and Percent Classified
into type
From type Binge Control Steady Total
Binge
32
96.97
1
3.03
0
0.00
33
100.00
Control
1
2.08
45
93.75
2
4.17
48
100.00
Steady
0
0.00
0
0.00
19
100.00
19
100.00
Total
33
33.00
46
46.00
21
21.00
100
100.00
Priors
0.33
 
0.48
 
0.19
 
 
 

Error Count Estimates for type
  Binge Control Steady Total
Rate 0.0303 0.0625 0.0000 0.0400
Priors 0.3300 0.4800 0.1900  

PROC Discrim - proportional priors - no pooling

The DISCRIM Procedure

Observations 100 DF Total 99
Variables 12 DF Within Classes 97
Classes 3 DF Between Classes 2

Class Level Information
type Variable
Name		 Frequency Weight Proportion Prior
Probability
Binge Binge 33 33.0000 0.330000 0.330000
Control Control 48 48.0000 0.480000 0.480000
Steady Steady 19 19.0000 0.190000 0.190000

Within Covariance Matrix Information
type Covariance
Matrix Rank		 Natural Log of the
Determinant of the
Covariance Matrix
Binge 12 -5.61076
Control 12 -1.26247
Steady 12 -10.13772

PROC Discrim - proportional priors - no pooling

The DISCRIM Procedure

Generalized Squared Distance to type
From type Binge Control Steady
Binge -3.39344 5.15437 137.68427
Control 27.58445 0.20546 74.79533
Steady 40.85911 6.07826 -6.81626

PROC Discrim - proportional priors - no pooling

The DISCRIM Procedure
Classification Summary for Calibration Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP
Resubstitution Summary using Quadratic Discriminant Function

Number of Observations and Percent Classified
into type
From type Binge Control Steady Total
Binge
32
96.97
1
3.03
0
0.00
33
100.00
Control
1
2.08
45
93.75
2
4.17
48
100.00
Steady
0
0.00
0
0.00
19
100.00
19
100.00
Total
33
33.00
46
46.00
21
21.00
100
100.00
Priors
0.33
 
0.48
 
0.19
 
 
 

Error Count Estimates for type
  Binge Control Steady Total
Rate 0.0303 0.0625 0.0000 0.0400
Priors 0.3300 0.4800 0.1900  

PROC Discrim - proportional priors - no pooling

The DISCRIM Procedure
Classification Results for Test Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP2
Classification Results using Quadratic Discriminant Function

Posterior Probability of Membership in type
Obs From type Classified into
type		 Binge Control Steady
1 Steady Steady   0.0000 0.0094 0.9906
2 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
3 Binge Binge   0.9988 0.0012 0.0000
4 Binge Control * 0.0073 0.9927 0.0000
5 Steady Control * 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
6 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
7 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
8 Binge Binge   0.9958 0.0042 0.0000
9 Control Control   0.0001 0.9999 0.0000
10 Steady Control * 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
11 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
12 Control Control   0.0000 0.9964 0.0036
13 Control Binge * 0.9872 0.0128 0.0000
14 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
15 Steady Steady   0.0000 0.0071 0.9929
16 Binge Binge   0.9965 0.0035 0.0000
17 Binge Binge   0.6704 0.3296 0.0000
18 Binge Binge   0.9958 0.0042 0.0000
19 Control Control   0.0001 0.9999 0.0000
20 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
21 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
22 Binge Binge   0.9996 0.0004 0.0000
23 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
24 Control Control   0.0004 0.9996 0.0000
25 Steady Steady   0.0000 0.0441 0.9559
26 Binge Binge   0.9951 0.0049 0.0000
27 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
28 Steady Control * 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
29 Steady Steady   0.0000 0.0001 0.9999
30 Steady Steady   0.0000 0.0386 0.9614
31 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
32 Binge Binge   1.0000 0.0000 0.0000
33 Steady Steady   0.0000 0.0000 1.0000
34 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
35 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
36 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
37 Control Control   0.4503 0.5497 0.0000
38 Steady Control * 0.0007 0.9794 0.0199
39 Steady Steady   0.0000 0.0007 0.9993
40 Steady Binge * 0.9511 0.0461 0.0028
41 Control Control   0.0391 0.9609 0.0000
42 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
43 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
44 Steady Control * 0.0000 0.7519 0.2481
45 Control Control   0.0124 0.9876 0.0000
46 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
47 Steady Steady   0.0000 0.0000 1.0000
48 Steady Control * 0.0436 0.9564 0.0000
49 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
50 Steady Control * 0.0139 0.9847 0.0014
51 Binge Binge   0.8515 0.1485 0.0000
52 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
53 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
54 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
55 Binge Control * 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
56 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
57 Steady Steady   0.0000 0.0242 0.9758
58 Steady Steady   0.0000 0.0002 0.9998
59 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
60 Control Control   0.0022 0.9978 0.0000
61 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
62 Binge Control * 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
63 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
64 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
65 Binge Binge   0.8635 0.1365 0.0000
66 Binge Control * 0.0008 0.9992 0.0000
67 Binge Binge   0.7989 0.2011 0.0000
68 Steady Steady   0.0000 0.0004 0.9996
69 Binge Binge   0.9622 0.0378 0.0000
70 Binge Binge   0.9859 0.0141 0.0000
71 Binge Control * 0.0722 0.9261 0.0017
72 Control Binge * 0.5819 0.4181 0.0000
73 Binge Binge   0.9711 0.0289 0.0000
74 Steady Steady   0.0000 0.0022 0.9978
75 Steady Steady   0.0000 0.0008 0.9992
76 Binge Binge   0.9399 0.0601 0.0000
77 Binge Binge   0.9955 0.0045 0.0000
78 Binge Binge   0.9956 0.0043 0.0001
79 Binge Binge   0.9994 0.0006 0.0000
80 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
81 Binge Binge   0.9984 0.0016 0.0000
82 Binge Control * 0.1183 0.8817 0.0000
83 Steady Control * 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
84 Binge Binge   0.9734 0.0266 0.0000
85 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
86 Binge Binge   0.9022 0.0978 0.0000
87 Control Control   0.0002 0.9998 0.0000
88 Binge Control * 0.0006 0.9994 0.0000
89 Steady Steady   0.0000 0.0296 0.9703
90 Binge Control * 0.0736 0.9264 0.0000
91 Binge Binge   0.9918 0.0082 0.0000
92 Binge Binge   0.9945 0.0055 0.0000
93 Control Steady * 0.0000 0.0012 0.9988
94 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
95 Binge Binge   0.9961 0.0039 0.0000
96 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
97 Binge Control * 0.0209 0.9791 0.0000
98 Binge Binge   0.8534 0.1466 0.0000
99 Binge Binge   0.9124 0.0876 0.0000
100 Control Control   0.0000 1.0000 0.0000

* Misclassified observation


PROC Discrim - proportional priors - no pooling

The DISCRIM Procedure
Classification Summary for Test Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP2
Classification Summary using Quadratic Discriminant Function

Number of Observations and Percent Classified
into type
From type Binge Control Steady Total
Binge
26
74.29
9
25.71
0
0.00
35
100.00
Control
2
4.76
39
92.86
1
2.38
42
100.00
Steady
1
4.35
8
34.78
14
60.87
23
100.00
Total
29
29.00
56
56.00
15
15.00
100
100.00
Priors
0.33
 
0.48
 
0.19
 
 
 

Error Count Estimates for type
  Binge Control Steady Total
Rate 0.2571 0.0714 0.3913 0.1935
Priors 0.3300 0.4800 0.1900  

PROC StepDisc

The STEPDISC Procedure

The Method for Selecting Variables is STEPWISE
Observations 100 Variable(s) in the Analysis 12
Class Levels 3 Variable(s) will be Included 0
    Significance Level to Enter 0.15
    Significance Level to Stay 0.15

Class Level Information
type Variable
Name		 Frequency Weight Proportion
Binge Binge 33 33.0000 0.330000
Control Control 48 48.0000 0.480000
Steady Steady 19 19.0000 0.190000

PROC StepDisc

The STEPDISC Procedure
Stepwise Selection: Step 1

Statistics for Entry, DF = 2, 97
Variable R-Square F Value Pr > F Tolerance
dsm1 0.3306 23.95 <.0001 1.0000
dsm2 0.2576 16.82 <.0001 1.0000
dsm3 0.2071 12.67 <.0001 1.0000
dsm4 0.5883 69.30 <.0001 1.0000
dsm5 0.0082 0.40 0.6716 1.0000
dsm6 0.0304 1.52 0.2236 1.0000
dsm7 0.0057 0.28 0.7587 1.0000
dsm8 0.3894 30.92 <.0001 1.0000
dsm9 0.2888 19.70 <.0001 1.0000
dsm10 0.3284 23.71 <.0001 1.0000
dsm11 0.0203 1.01 0.3695 1.0000
dsm12 0.3625 27.58 <.0001 1.0000

Variable dsm4 will be entered.

Variable(s)
that have
been Entered
dsm4

Multivariate Statistics
Statistic Value F Value Num DF Den DF Pr > F
Wilks' Lambda 0.411699 69.30 2 97 <.0001
Pillai's Trace 0.588301 69.30 2 97 <.0001
Average Squared Canonical Correlation 0.294151        

PROC StepDisc

The STEPDISC Procedure
Stepwise Selection: Step 2

Statistics for Removal, DF = 2, 97
Variable R-Square F Value Pr > F
dsm4 0.5883 69.30 <.0001

No variables can be removed.

Statistics for Entry, DF = 2, 96
Variable Partial
R-Square		 F Value Pr > F Tolerance
dsm1 0.3443 25.21 <.0001 0.9936
dsm2 0.2581 16.70 <.0001 0.9951
dsm3 0.2041 12.31 <.0001 0.9958
dsm5 0.0066 0.32 0.7280 0.9975
dsm6 0.0031 0.15 0.8602 0.9580
dsm7 0.0036 0.17 0.8401 0.9958
dsm8 0.0638 3.27 0.0423 0.3916
dsm9 0.2867 19.29 <.0001 0.9970
dsm10 0.0053 0.25 0.7765 0.4888
dsm11 0.0103 0.50 0.6088 0.9879
dsm12 0.0030 0.14 0.8669 0.3916

Variable dsm1 will be entered.

Variable(s) that
have been Entered
dsm1 dsm4

Multivariate Statistics
Statistic Value F Value Num DF Den DF Pr > F
Wilks' Lambda 0.269939 44.39 4 192 <.0001
Pillai's Trace 0.925766 41.80 4 194 <.0001
Average Squared Canonical Correlation 0.462883        

PROC StepDisc

The STEPDISC Procedure
Stepwise Selection: Step 3

Statistics for Removal, DF = 2, 96
Variable Partial
R-Square		 F Value Pr > F
dsm1 0.3443 25.21 <.0001
dsm4 0.5967 71.03 <.0001

No variables can be removed.

Statistics for Entry, DF = 2, 95
Variable Partial
R-Square		 F Value Pr > F Tolerance
dsm2 0.0420 2.08 0.1301 0.3575
dsm3 0.0269 1.31 0.2738 0.4947
dsm5 0.0077 0.37 0.6941 0.9865
dsm6 0.0015 0.07 0.9322 0.9507
dsm7 0.0004 0.02 0.9823 0.9814
dsm8 0.0720 3.68 0.0288 0.3879
dsm9 0.0210 1.02 0.3656 0.3036
dsm10 0.0022 0.10 0.9024 0.4785
dsm11 0.0010 0.05 0.9557 0.9699
dsm12 0.0040 0.19 0.8265 0.3907

Variable dsm8 will be entered.

Variable(s) that
have been Entered
dsm1 dsm4 dsm8

Multivariate Statistics
Statistic Value F Value Num DF Den DF Pr > F
Wilks' Lambda 0.250508 31.60 6 190 <.0001
Pillai's Trace 0.973315 30.34 6 192 <.0001
Average Squared Canonical Correlation 0.486657        

PROC StepDisc

The STEPDISC Procedure
Stepwise Selection: Step 4

Statistics for Removal, DF = 2, 95
Variable Partial
R-Square		 F Value Pr > F
dsm1 0.3501 25.58 <.0001
dsm4 0.3650 27.31 <.0001
dsm8 0.0720 3.68 0.0288

No variables can be removed.

Statistics for Entry, DF = 2, 94
Variable Partial
R-Square		 F Value Pr > F Tolerance
dsm2 0.0405 1.98 0.1436 0.3570
dsm3 0.0256 1.24 0.2949 0.3870
dsm5 0.0126 0.60 0.5501 0.3841
dsm6 0.0006 0.03 0.9707 0.3848
dsm7 0.0012 0.06 0.9443 0.3876
dsm9 0.0200 0.96 0.3871 0.3036
dsm10 0.0215 1.03 0.3598 0.3343
dsm11 0.0007 0.03 0.9658 0.3811
dsm12 0.0256 1.23 0.2960 0.2951

Variable dsm2 will be entered.

Variable(s) that have
been Entered
dsm1 dsm2 dsm4 dsm8

Multivariate Statistics
Statistic Value F Value Num DF Den DF Pr > F
Wilks' Lambda 0.240375 24.43 8 188 <.0001
Pillai's Trace 0.992137 23.38 8 190 <.0001
Average Squared Canonical Correlation 0.496068        

PROC StepDisc

The STEPDISC Procedure
Stepwise Selection: Step 5

Statistics for Removal, DF = 2, 94
Variable Partial
R-Square		 F Value Pr > F
dsm1 0.1622 9.10 0.0002
dsm2 0.0405 1.98 0.1436
dsm4 0.3839 29.29 <.0001
dsm8 0.0705 3.56 0.0323

No variables can be removed.

Statistics for Entry, DF = 2, 93
Variable Partial
R-Square		 F Value Pr > F Tolerance
dsm3 0.0067 0.31 0.7309 0.2885
dsm5 0.0087 0.41 0.6661 0.3497
dsm6 0.0008 0.04 0.9613 0.3549
dsm7 0.0013 0.06 0.9396 0.3549
dsm9 0.0111 0.52 0.5938 0.2335
dsm10 0.0195 0.93 0.3998 0.3322
dsm11 0.0006 0.03 0.9736 0.3345
dsm12 0.0255 1.21 0.3015 0.2927

No variables can be entered.

No further steps are possible.

PROC StepDisc

The STEPDISC Procedure

Stepwise Selection Summary
Step Number
In		 Entered Removed Partial
R-Square		 F Value Pr > F Wilks'
Lambda		 Pr <
Lambda		 Average
Squared
Canonical
Correlation		 Pr >
ASCC
1 1 dsm4   0.5883 69.30 <.0001 0.41169856 <.0001 0.29415072 <.0001
2 2 dsm1   0.3443 25.21 <.0001 0.26993945 <.0001 0.46288291 <.0001
3 3 dsm8   0.0720 3.68 0.0288 0.25050786 <.0001 0.48665727 <.0001
4 4 dsm2   0.0405 1.98 0.1436 0.24037460 <.0001 0.49606842 <.0001

PROC Discrim - proportional priors - validation of stepwise discriminant functions

The DISCRIM Procedure

Observations 100 DF Total 99
Variables 4 DF Within Classes 97
Classes 3 DF Between Classes 2

Class Level Information
type Variable
Name		 Frequency Weight Proportion Prior
Probability
Binge Binge 33 33.0000 0.330000 0.330000
Control Control 48 48.0000 0.480000 0.480000
Steady Steady 19 19.0000 0.190000 0.190000

Within Covariance Matrix Information
type Covariance
Matrix Rank		 Natural Log of the
Determinant of the
Covariance Matrix
Binge 4 -1.79957
Control 4 0.20860
Steady 4 -3.52194

PROC Discrim - proportional priors - validation of stepwise discriminant functions

The DISCRIM Procedure

Generalized Squared Distance to type
From type Binge Control Steady
Binge 0.41775 6.15085 28.22743
Control 24.98332 1.67654 26.17993
Steady 34.15288 6.46586 -0.20048

PROC Discrim - proportional priors - validation of stepwise discriminant functions

The DISCRIM Procedure
Classification Summary for Calibration Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP
Resubstitution Summary using Quadratic Discriminant Function

Number of Observations and Percent Classified
into type
From type Binge Control Steady Total
Binge
32
96.97
1
3.03
0
0.00
33
100.00
Control
7
14.58
39
81.25
2
4.17
48
100.00
Steady
0
0.00
1
5.26
18
94.74
19
100.00
Total
39
39.00
41
41.00
20
20.00
100
100.00
Priors
0.33
 
0.48
 
0.19
 
 
 

Error Count Estimates for type
  Binge Control Steady Total
Rate 0.0303 0.1875 0.0526 0.1100
Priors 0.3300 0.4800 0.1900  

PROC Discrim - proportional priors - validation of stepwise discriminant functions

The DISCRIM Procedure
Classification Summary for Test Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP2
Classification Summary using Quadratic Discriminant Function

Number of Observations and Percent Classified
into type
From type Binge Control Steady Total
Binge
31
88.57
4
11.43
0
0.00
35
100.00
Control
7
16.67
33
78.57
2
4.76
42
100.00
Steady
3
13.04
5
21.74
15
65.22
23
100.00
Total
41
41.00
42
42.00
17
17.00
100
100.00
Priors
0.33
 
0.48
 
0.19
 
 
 

Error Count Estimates for type
  Binge Control Steady Total
Rate 0.1143 0.2143 0.3478 0.2067
Priors 0.3300 0.4800 0.1900