Chapter 11 : Air pollution and mortality study
Data Listing

Obs city MORT PRECIP EDUC NONWHITE NOX SO2
1 Akron, OH 921.87 36 11.4000 8.8000 15 59
2 Albany, NY 997.88 35 11.0000 3.5000 10 39
3 Allentown, PA 962.35 44 9.8000 0.8000 6 33
4 Atlanta, GA 982.29 47 11.1000 27.1000 8 24
5 Baltimore, MD 1071.29 43 9.6000 24.4000 38 206
6 Birmingham, AL 1030.38 53 10.2000 38.5000 32 72
7 Boston, MA 934.70 43 12.1000 3.5000 32 62
8 Bridgeport, CT 899.53 45 10.6000 5.3000 4 4
9 Buffalo, NY 1001.90 36 10.5000 8.1000 12 37
10 Canton, OH 912.35 36 10.7000 6.7000 7 20
11 Chattanooga, TN 1017.61 52 9.6000 22.2000 8 27
12 Chicago, IL 1024.89 33 10.9000 16.3000 63 278
13 Cincinnati, OH 970.47 40 10.2000 13.0000 26 146
14 Cleveland, OH 985.95 35 11.1000 14.7000 21 64
15 Columbus, OH 958.84 37 11.9000 13.1000 9 15
16 Dallas, TX 860.10 35 11.8000 14.8000 1 1
17 Dayton, OH 936.23 36 11.4000 12.4000 4 16
18 Denver, CO 871.77 15 12.2000 4.7000 8 28
19 Detroit, MI 959.22 31 10.8000 15.8000 35 124
20 Flint, MI 941.18 30 10.8000 13.1000 4 11
21 Fort Worth, TX 891.71 31 11.4000 11.5000 1 1
22 Grand Rapids, MI 871.34 31 10.9000 5.1000 3 10
23 Greeensboro, NC 971.12 42 10.4000 22.7000 3 5
24 Hartford, CT 887.47 43 11.5000 7.2000 3 10
25 Houston, TX 952.53 46 11.4000 21.0000 5 1
26 Indianapolis, IN 968.66 39 11.4000 15.6000 7 33
27 Kansas City, MO 919.73 35 12.0000 12.6000 4 4
28 Lancaster, PA 844.05 43 9.5000 2.9000 7 32
29 Los Angeles, CA 861.83 11 12.1000 7.8000 319 130
30 Louisville, KY 989.27 30 9.9000 13.1000 37 193
31 Memphis, TN 1006.49 50 10.4000 36.7000 18 34
32 Miami, FL 861.44 60 11.5000 13.5000 1 1
33 Milwaukee, WI 929.15 30 11.1000 5.8000 23 125
34 Minneapolis, MN 857.62 25 12.1000 2.0000 11 26
35 Nashville, TN 961.01 45 10.1000 21.0000 14 78
36 New Haven, CT 923.23 46 11.3000 8.8000 3 8
37 New Orleans, LA 1113.06 54 9.7000 31.4000 17 1
38 New York, NY 994.65 42 10.7000 11.3000 26 108
39 Philadelphia, PA 1015.02 42 10.5000 17.5000 32 161
40 Pittsburgh, PA 991.29 36 10.6000 8.1000 59 263
41 Portland, OR 893.99 37 12.0000 3.6000 21 44
42 Providence, RI 938.50 42 10.1000 2.2000 4 18
43 Reading, PA 946.18 41 9.6000 2.7000 11 89
44 Richmond, VA 1025.50 44 11.0000 28.6000 9 48
45 Rochester, NY 874.28 32 11.1000 5.0000 4 18
46 Saint Louis, MO 953.56 34 9.7000 17.2000 15 68
47 San Diego, CA 839.71 10 12.1000 5.9000 66 20
48 San Francisco, CA 911.70 18 12.2000 13.7000 171 86
49 San Jose, CA 790.73 13 12.2000 3.0000 32 3
50 Seattle, WA 899.26 35 12.2000 5.7000 7 20
51 Springfield, MA 904.16 45 11.1000 3.4000 4 20
52 Syracuse, NY 950.67 38 11.4000 3.8000 5 25
53 Toledo, OH 972.46 31 10.7000 9.5000 7 25
54 Utica, NY 912.20 40 10.3000 2.5000 2 11
55 Washington, DC 967.80 41 12.3000 25.9000 28 102
56 Wichita, KS 823.76 28 12.1000 7.5000 2 1
57 Wilmington, DE 1003.50 45 11.3000 12.1000 11 42
58 Worcester, MA 895.70 45 11.1000 1.0000 3 8
59 York, PA 911.82 42 9.0000 4.8000 8 49
60 Youngstown, OH 954.44 38 10.7000 11.7000 13 39


Chapter 11 : Air pollution and mortality study
Fit of Air Pollution with REG

The REG Procedure
Model: MODEL1
Dependent Variable: MORT

Number of Observations Read 60
Number of Observations Used 60

Analysis of Variance
Source DF Sum of
Squares
Mean
Square
F Value Pr > F
Model 5 152888 30578 21.90 <.0001
Error 54 75385 1396.01827    
Corrected Total 59 228273      

Root MSE 37.36333 R-Square 0.6698
Dependent Mean 940.35677 Adj R-Sq 0.6392
Coeff Var 3.97331    

Parameter Estimates
Variable DF Parameter
Estimate
Standard
Error
t Value Pr > |t| Variance
Inflation
Intercept 1 1000.10208 92.39811 10.82 <.0001 0
PRECIP 1 1.37920 0.70000 1.97 0.0539 2.06457
EDUC 1 -15.07895 7.07060 -2.13 0.0375 1.50971
NONWHITE 1 3.16024 0.62874 5.03 <.0001 1.32969
NOX 1 -0.10756 0.13589 -0.79 0.4321 1.67530
SO2 1 0.35541 0.09140 3.89 0.0003 1.41859


Chapter 11 : Air pollution and mortality study
Fit of Air Pollution with REG

The REG Procedure
Model: MODEL1
Dependent Variable: MORT

Number of Observations Read 60
Number of Observations Used 60

Analysis of Variance
Source DF Sum of
Squares
Mean
Square
F Value Pr > F
Model 4 152013 38003 27.41 <.0001
Error 55 76260 1386.54072    
Corrected Total 59 228273      

Root MSE 37.23628 R-Square 0.6659
Dependent Mean 940.35677 Adj R-Sq 0.6416
Coeff Var 3.95980    

Parameter Estimates
Variable DF Parameter
Estimate
Standard
Error
t Value Pr > |t|
Intercept 1 999.31617 92.07861 10.85 <.0001
PRECIP 1 1.61112 0.63358 2.54 0.0138
EDUC 1 -15.77337 6.99211 -2.26 0.0281
NONWHITE 1 3.06093 0.61400 4.99 <.0001
SO2 1 0.32718 0.08387 3.90 0.0003


Chapter 11 : Air pollution and mortality study
Fit of Air Pollution with REG

Obs city resid yhat student rstudent cookd leverage dffits
1 Akron, OH -1.8702 923.74 -0.05086 -0.05039 0.00001 0.02477 -0.00803
2 Albany, NY 92.2032 905.67 2.51726 2.65170 0.04242 0.03239 0.48513
3 Allentown, PA 33.4816 928.87 0.94701 0.94611 0.01960 0.09849 0.31272
4 Atlanta, GA -8.4670 990.76 -0.23713 -0.23509 0.00098 0.08050 -0.06956
5 Baltimore, MD 12.0326 1059.26 0.34990 0.34709 0.00422 0.14708 0.14413
6 Birmingham, AL -34.8401 1065.22 -1.02756 -1.02810 0.04353 0.17090 -0.46676
7 Boston, MA 25.9647 908.74 0.74803 0.74499 0.01688 0.13104 0.28930
8 Bridgeport, CT -22.6217 922.15 -0.62458 -0.62108 0.00444 0.05389 -0.14824
9 Buffalo, NY 73.3065 928.60 2.00124 2.05936 0.02671 0.03227 0.37607
10 Canton, OH -3.2465 915.59 -0.08864 -0.08784 0.00005 0.03260 -0.01613
11 Chattanooga, TN 9.1562 1008.46 0.25757 0.25537 0.00129 0.08862 0.07963
12 Chicago, IL 3.4817 1021.40 0.10737 0.10640 0.00073 0.24169 0.06007
13 Cincinnati, OH -19.9664 990.43 -0.55311 -0.54959 0.00392 0.06019 -0.13908
14 Cleveland, OH 39.3936 946.56 1.06934 1.07077 0.00496 0.02122 0.15766
15 Columbus, OH 42.6084 916.23 1.17057 1.17460 0.01274 0.04442 0.25325
16 Dallas, TX -55.1076 915.21 -1.51545 -1.53398 0.02231 0.04631 -0.33804
17 Dayton, OH 15.5434 920.69 0.42299 0.41981 0.00096 0.02613 0.06877
18 Denver, CO 17.1706 854.60 0.48902 0.48561 0.00596 0.11082 0.17144
19 Detroit, MI -8.6209 967.84 -0.23739 -0.23534 0.00058 0.04882 -0.05332
20 Flint, MI 20.1864 920.99 0.55930 0.55577 0.00403 0.06050 0.14103
21 Fort Worth, TX -13.2644 904.97 -0.36381 -0.36092 0.00114 0.04127 -0.07488
22 Grand Rapids, MI -24.8758 896.21 -0.68357 -0.68022 0.00439 0.04487 -0.14744
23 Greeensboro, NC -2.9373 974.06 -0.08190 -0.08116 0.00010 0.07241 -0.02268
24 Hartford, CT -25.0452 912.51 -0.69075 -0.68743 0.00522 0.05185 -0.16075
25 Houston, TX -5.6891 958.22 -0.15793 -0.15652 0.00034 0.06409 -0.04096
26 Indianapolis, IN 27.7839 940.88 0.75681 0.75383 0.00330 0.02796 0.12786
27 Kansas City, MO 13.4275 906.30 0.36982 0.36690 0.00142 0.04924 0.08350
28 Lancaster, PA -94.0410 938.09 -2.67375 -2.84035 0.17276 0.10780 -0.98731
29 Los Angeles, CA -30.7567 892.59 -0.89885 -0.89726 0.02977 0.15555 -0.38510
30 Louisville, KY -5.4728 994.74 -0.15747 -0.15607 0.00073 0.12887 -0.06003
31 Memphis, TN -32.7995 1039.29 -0.96088 -0.96019 0.03508 0.15964 -0.41850
32 Miami, FL -94.8005 956.24 -2.81722 -3.01770 0.35633 0.18333 -1.42977
33 Milwaukee, WI -2.0666 931.22 -0.05702 -0.05650 0.00004 0.05255 -0.01331
34 Minneapolis, MN -5.7431 863.37 -0.15925 -0.15783 0.00034 0.06198 -0.04057
35 Nashville, TN -41.2964 1002.31 -1.13568 -1.13873 0.01254 0.04636 -0.25108
36 New Haven, CT -1.5084 924.74 -0.04166 -0.04128 0.00002 0.05436 -0.00990
37 New Orleans, LA 83.3006 1029.76 2.43113 2.54983 0.21397 0.15327 1.08484
38 New York, NY 26.5155 968.13 0.72660 0.72344 0.00435 0.03954 0.14679
39 Philadelphia, PA 7.4175 1007.61 0.20691 0.20510 0.00068 0.07315 0.05762
40 Pittsburgh, PA -9.6714 1000.96 -0.29641 -0.29394 0.00531 0.23218 -0.16164
41 Portland, OR -1.0717 895.06 -0.02985 -0.02958 0.00001 0.07064 -0.00816
42 Providence, RI 18.2043 920.30 0.50795 0.50450 0.00410 0.07366 0.14226
43 Reading, PA -5.1466 951.33 -0.14544 -0.14414 0.00045 0.09685 -0.04720
44 Richmond, VA 25.5562 999.95 0.71597 0.71276 0.00905 0.08110 0.21174
45 Rochester, NY -22.7007 896.98 -0.62020 -0.61670 0.00269 0.03377 -0.11529
46 Saint Louis, MO -22.4290 975.99 -0.63473 -0.63125 0.00890 0.09945 -0.20977
47 San Diego, CA -9.4638 849.17 -0.27838 -0.27604 0.00310 0.16649 -0.12337
48 San Francisco, CA 5.7473 905.95 0.16343 0.16198 0.00065 0.10811 0.05639
49 San Jose, CA -47.2571 837.99 -1.36711 -1.37824 0.05996 0.13822 -0.55198
50 Seattle, WA 12.0026 887.26 0.33326 0.33055 0.00153 0.06449 0.08679
51 Springfield, MA -9.5281 913.68 -0.26467 -0.26242 0.00098 0.06528 -0.06935
52 Syracuse, NY 50.1384 900.53 1.37476 1.38623 0.01604 0.04070 0.28552
53 Toledo, OH 54.7197 917.74 1.50326 1.52110 0.02099 0.04437 0.32778
54 Utica, NY -0.3447 912.55 -0.00957 -0.00948 0.00000 0.06324 -0.00246
55 Washington, DC -16.2074 984.01 -0.47334 -0.46998 0.00818 0.15444 -0.20086
56 Wichita, KS -53.0900 876.85 -1.46715 -1.48306 0.02536 0.05563 -0.35994
57 Wilmington, DE 59.1455 944.36 1.62322 1.64836 0.02337 0.04246 0.34710
58 Worcester, MA -6.7148 902.41 -0.18807 -0.18642 0.00062 0.08068 -0.05522
59 York, PA -43.9304 955.75 -1.27716 -1.28469 0.05608 0.14669 -0.53265
60 Youngstown, OH 14.1052 940.34 0.38281 0.37982 0.00062 0.02084 0.05541


Chapter 11 : Air pollution and mortality study
Various plot with group variable

                           Plot of resid*yhat.  Symbol is value of city.                           
                                                                                                   
resid |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
  100 +                                                                                            
      |                             A                                                              
      |                                                                          N                 
      |                                     B                                                      
      |                                                                                            
      |                                 T         W                                                
   50 +                           S                                                                
      |                                 C          C                                               
      |                                     A                                                      
      |                              B           I         N          R                            
      |           D                 K    DF      Y                                                 
      |                      S      S                                    C                 B       
    0 +-------------------------P------UC--A-M---------------G----------------C--------------------
      |         S    M             W   S            R  H  D        AL P                            
      |                             F                           W  C                               
      |                          G     H  B                  S                                     
      |                        L                                                    M        B     
      |                                               Y                N                           
  -50 +     S             W                                                                        
      |                                D                                                           
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |                                         L     M                                            
 -100 +                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      -+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-
      825      850      875      900      925      950      975     1000     1025     1050     1075
                                                                                                   
                                                   yhat                                            
                                                                                                   
NOTE: 4 obs hidden.                                                                                


Chapter 11 : Air pollution and mortality study
Various plot with group variable

                          Plot of student*yhat.  Symbol is value of city.                          
                                                                                                   
student |                                                                                          
      3 +                                                                                          
        |                                                                                          
        |--------------------------------A-------------------------------------------------------- 
        |                                                                  N                       
        |                                                                                          
      2 +--------------------------------------B-------------------------------------------------- 
        |                                                                                          
        |                                   T      W                                               
        |                              S                                                           
        |                                   C                                                      
      1 +                                      A    C                                              
        |                                B        I       N        R                               
        |                                    F                                                     
        |                 D        S     K   D    Y                                 B              
        |                                S                           C   C                         
      0 +                             P    C  A M           G                                      
        |                S   M          W  S         R H  D     A LP                               
        |                               F                      W                                   
        |                             G    H B              S   C                                  
        |                            L                                                             
     -1 +                                                                     M      B             
        |                                              Y            N                              
        |             S          W                                                                 
        |                                  D                                                       
        |                                                                                          
     -2 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        |                                                                                          
        |                                                                                          
        |-----------------------------------------L----------------------------------------------- 
        |                                              M                                           
     -3 +                                                                                          
        |                                                                                          
        ---+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-- 
          800           850           900           950          1000          1050          1100  
                                                                                                   
                                                   yhat                                            
                                                                                                   
NOTE: 5 obs hidden.                                                                                


Chapter 11 : Air pollution and mortality study
Various plot with group variable

                         Plot of rstudent*yhat.  Symbol is value of city.                          
                                                                                                   
rstudent |                                                                                         
       3 +                                                                                         
         |                                                                                         
         |--------------------------------A---------------------------------N----------------------
         |                                                                                         
         |                                                                                         
       2 +--------------------------------------B--------------------------------------------------
         |                                                                                         
         |                                   T      W                                              
         |                              S                                                          
         |                                   C                                                     
       1 +                                      A    C                                             
         |                                B        I       N        R                              
         |                                    F                                                    
         |                 D        S     K   D    Y                                 B             
         |                                S                           C   C                        
       0 +                             P    C  A M           G                                     
         |                S   M          W  S         R H  D     A LP                              
         |                               F                      W                                  
         |                             G    H B              S   C                                 
         |                            L                                                            
      -1 +                                                                     M      B            
         |                                              Y            N                             
         |             S          W                                                                
         |                                  D                                                      
         |                                                                                         
      -2 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         |                                                                                         
         |                                                                                         
         |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         |                                         L                                               
      -3 +                                              M                                          
         |                                                                                         
         ---+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--
           800           850           900           950          1000          1050          1100 
                                                                                                   
                                                    yhat                                           
                                                                                                   
NOTE: 5 obs hidden.                                                                                


Chapter 11 : Air pollution and mortality study
Various plot with group variable

                         Plot of leverage*yhat.  Symbol is value of city.                          
                                                                                                   
leverage |                                                                                         
    0.25 +                                                                                         
         |                                                                C                        
         |                                                          P                              
         |                                                                                         
         |                                                                                         
         |                                                                                         
    0.20 +                                                                                         
         |                                                                                         
         |----------------------------------------------M------------------------------------------
         |                                                                            B            
         |                S                                                                        
         |                            L                         W              M                   
    0.15 +                                              Y                   N        B             
         |             S                                                                           
         |                                B                                                        
         |                                                         L                               
         |                                                                                         
         |                 D              S        L                                               
    0.10 +                                      A     R      S                                     
         |                                                            C                            
         |                               W                       A  R                              
         |                                    P              G        P                            
         |                          S  P    S           H                                          
         |                    M   W           FN                 C                                 
    0.05 +                                K D B  M         D         N                             
         |                             GSF   C      W      N                                       
         |                             R  A C   B                                                  
         |                                    DA   I C                                             
         |                                                                                         
         |                                                                                         
    0.00 +                                                                                         
         |                                                                                         
         ---+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--
           800           850           900           950          1000          1050          1100 
                                                                                                   
                                                    yhat                                           
                                                                                                   
NOTE: 4 obs hidden.                                                                                


Chapter 11 : Air pollution and mortality study
Various plot with group variable

                           Plot of cookd*yhat.  Symbol is value of city.                           
                                                                                                   
cookd |                                                                                            
  1.0 +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
  0.8 +                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
  0.6 +                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
  0.4 +                                                                                            
      |                                               M                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
  0.2 +                                                                          N                 
      |                                         L                                                  
      |                                                                                            
      |                                                                                            
      |     S                                         Y                                            
      |                   W    L    AB DT   A     W                                 M        B     
  0.0 +         S D  M       S  PGSWF  HCDBA M   I CR  H  DN G  W  AL PN C    C            B       
      |                                                                                            
      -+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-
      825      850      875      900      925      950      975     1000     1025     1050     1075
                                                                                                   
                                                   yhat                                            
                                                                                                   
NOTE: 15 obs hidden.                                                                               


Chapter 11 : Air pollution and mortality study
Various plot with group variable

                          Plot of dffits*yhat.  Symbol is value of city.                           
                                                                                                   
dffits |                                                                                           
   1.5 +                                                                                           
       |                                                                                           
       |                                                                                           
       |                                                                                           
       |                                                                          N                
   1.0 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       |                                                                                           
       |                                                                                           
       |                                                                                           
       |                                                                                           
   0.5 +                             A                                                             
       |                                     B                                                     
       |                           S  B  C   A     W                                               
       |           D                                C                  R                           
       |                      S      K    DF      I         N             C    C            B      
   0.0 +              M          P      UC  A M      R  H     G                                    
       |         S                G WF  S  B               D        AL                             
       |                                H                     S  W     P                           
       |                                D                               N                          
       |                   W    L                                                    M             
  -0.5 +                                               Y                                      B    
       |     S                                                                                     
       |                                                                                           
       |                                                                                           
       |                                                                                           
  -1.0 +                                         L                                                 
       |                                                                                           
       |                                                                                           
       |                                                                                           
       |                                               M                                           
  -1.5 +                                                                                           
       |                                                                                           
       -+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
       825      850      875      900      925      950      975     1000     1025     1050    1075
                                                                                                   
                                                   yhat                                            
                                                                                                   
NOTE: 8 obs hidden.                                                                                


Chapter 11 : Air pollution and mortality study
Various plot with group variable

The UNIVARIATE Procedure
Variable: resid

Moments
N 60 Sum Weights 60
Mean 0 Sum Observations 0
Std Deviation 35.951884 Variance 1292.53796
Skewness 0.0312791 Kurtosis 1.10303795
Uncorrected SS 76259.7396 Corrected SS 76259.7396
Coeff Variation . Std Error Mean 4.64136826

Basic Statistical Measures
Location Variability
Mean 0.00000 Std Deviation 35.95188
Median -2.50195 Variance 1293
Mode . Range 187.00371
    Interquartile Range 38.88520

Tests for Location: Mu0=0
Test Statistic p Value
Student's t t 0 Pr > |t| 1.0000
Sign M -5 Pr >= |M| 0.2451
Signed Rank S -21 Pr >= |S| 0.8787

Tests for Normality
Test Statistic p Value
Shapiro-Wilk W 0.971756 Pr < W 0.1777
Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.093961 Pr > D >0.1500
Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.110757 Pr > W-Sq 0.0825
Anderson-Darling A-Sq 0.640932 Pr > A-Sq 0.0924

Quantiles (Definition 5)
Quantile Estimate
100% Max 92.20319
99% 92.20319
95% 66.22597
90% 46.37344
75% Q3 17.68746
50% Median -2.50195
25% Q1 -21.19774
10% -42.61341
5% -54.09883
1% -94.80052
0% Min -94.80052

Extreme Observations
Lowest Highest
Value Obs Value Obs
-94.8005 32 54.7197 53
-94.0410 28 59.1455 57
-55.1076 16 73.3065 9
-53.0900 56 83.3006 37
-47.2571 49 92.2032 2

   Stem Leaf                     #  Boxplot                        Normal Probability Plot                                          
      9 2                        1     0          95+                                                *                              
      8 3                        1     0            |                                            *   +++                            
      7 3                        1     |            |                                          *  +++                               
      6                                |            |                                          +++                                  
      5 059                      3     |            |                                      **+*                                     
      4 3                        1     |            |                                     *+                                        
      3 39                       2     |            |                                  ++*                                          
      2 06678                    5     |            |                               ++***                                           
      1 2234678                  7  +-----+         |                            +****                                              
      0 3679                     4  |  +  |         |                         ++***                                                 
     -0 998766553322210         15  *-----*         |                    ********                                                   
     -1 6300                     4  |     |         |                   **++                                                        
     -2 553320                   6  +-----+         |                ***+                                                           
     -3 531                      3     |            |              **+                                                              
     -4 741                      3     |            |           ***                                                                 
     -5 53                       2     |            |        **++                                                                   
     -6                                             |      +++                                                                      
     -7                                             |   +++                                                                         
     -8                                             |+++                                                                            
     -9 54                       2     0         -95+  *   *                                                                        
        ----+----+----+----+                         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+                            
    Multiply Stem.Leaf by 10**+1                         -2        -1         0        +1        +2